Maybe it'll be useful for the yoga knowledge and practice. Disclaimer: The information contained in this post is solely for educational purposes on the given subject. It should not be considered a medical advice nor should it be used as a substitute for medical advice and expertise of a physician, physiotherapist or a dietitian.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A prevents eye problems, promotes a healthy immune system, is essential for the growth and development of cells, and keeps the skin healthy.
Good sources of vitamin A are milk, eggs, liver, fortified cereals, darkly colored orange or green vegetables (such as carrots, sweet potatoes, pumpkin, and kale), and orange colored fruits such as cantaloupe, apricots, peaches, papayas, and mangoes. Boys in their teens need 900 micrograms of vitamin A each day and girls in their teens need 700 micrograms each day. Optimal intake: The current recommended intake of vitamin A is 5,000 IU for men and 4,000 IU for women. Many breakfast cereals, juices, dairy products, and other foods are fortified with vitamin A. Many fruits and vegetables, and some supplements, also contain beta-carotene and other vitamin A precursors, which the body can turn into vitamin A.
Vitamin C
Vitamin C is needed to form collagen, a tissue that helps to hold cells together. It is essential for healthy bones, teeth, gums, and blood vessels. It helps the body absorb iron and calcium, aids in wound healing, and contributes to brain function. You will find high levels of vitamin C in red berries, kiwifruit, red and green bell peppers, tomatoes, broccoli, spinach, and juices made from guava, grapefruit, and orange. Boys in their teens need 75 mg (1 milligram equals 1,000 micrograms) and girls in their teens need 65 mg of vitamin C a day.
Optimal Intake: The current recommended dietary intake of vitamin C is 90 mg for men and 75 mg for women (add an extra 35 mg for smokers). There's no good evidence that mega doses of vitamin C improve health. As evidence continues to unfold, 200 to 300 mg of vitamin C a day appears to be a good target. This is easy to hit with a good diet and a standard multivitamin. Excellent food sources of vitamin C are citrus fruits or citrus juices, berries, green and red peppers, tomatoes, broccoli, and spinach. Many breakfast cereals are also fortified with vitamin C.
Vitamin D
Vitamin D strengthens bones because it helps the body absorb bone building calcium. Vitamin D is produced by the body when sunlight falls on the skin. You can also get vitamin D from egg yolks, fish oils, and fortified foods like milk. Teenagers need 5 micrograms of vitamin D from food every day.
Optimal Intake: The current recommended intake of vitamin D is 5 micrograms up to the age of 50, 10 micrograms between the ages of 51 and 70, and 15 micrograms after 70. Very few foods naturally contain vitamin D. Good sources include dairy products and breakfast cereals (which are fortified with vitamin D), and fatty fish such as salmon and tuna. For most people, the best way to get the recommended daily intake is by taking a multivitamin.
Vitamin E
Vitamin E is an antioxidant and helps protect cells from damage. It is also important for the health of red blood cells. Vitamin E is found in many foods such as vegetable oils, nuts, and leafy green vegetables. Avocados, wheat germ, and whole grains are also good sources. Teenagers need 15 mg of vitamin E every day.
Optimal Intake: The recommended daily intake of vitamin E from food now stands at 15 milligrams which is the equivalent of 22 IU of vitamin E from natural sources or 33 IU of synthetic vitamin E. Researchers are still writing on vitamin E. Evidence from observational studies suggests that at least 400 IU of vitamin E per day, and possibly more, are needed for optimal health. Since standard multivitamins usually contain around 30 IU, a separate vitamin E supplement is needed to achieve this level.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 helps to build DNA, make red blood cells, and is important for nerve cell function. Vitamin B12 is found naturally in fish, red meat, poultry, milk, cheese, and eggs. It is also added to some breakfast cereals. Teenagers should get 2.4 micrograms of vitamin B12 daily.
Optimal Intake: The current recommended intake of vitamin B12 is 6 micrograms per day. Barely 100 years ago, lack of vitamin B12 was considered to be the cause of a common and deadly disease called pernicious anemia. Its symptoms include memory loss, disorientation, hallucinations, and tingling in the arms and legs. Although full-blown pernicious anemia is less common today, it is still often diagnosed in older people who have difficulty absorbing vitamin B12 from food. It is also possible that some people diagnosed with dementia or Alzheimer's disease actually suffer from the more reversible vitamin B12 deficiency.
Vitamin B6
Vitamin B6 is important for the brain and the nerves to function normally. It also helps the body break down proteins and make red blood cells. A wide variety of foods including potatoes, bananas, beans, seeds, nuts, red meat, poultry, fish, eggs, spinach, and fortified cereals contain vitamin B6. Boys in their teens need 1.3 mg of vitamin B6 daily and girls in their teens need 1.2 mg.
Optimal Intake: A healthy diet should include 1.3 to 1.7 milligrams of vitamin B6. Higher doses have been tested as a treatment for conditions ranging from premenstrual syndrome to attention deficit disorder and carpal tunnel syndrome. To date, there is little evidence that it works.
Thiamin (also called vitamin B1)
Thiamin helps the body convert carbohydrates into energy and is necessary for the heart, the muscles, and the nervous system to function properly. People get thiamin from many different foods, including fortified bread, cereals and pasta; meat and fish; dried beans, soy foods and peas; and whole grains like wheat germ. Boys in their teens need 1.2 mg of thiamin each day; girls in their teens need 1 mg.
Niacin (also called vitamin B3)
Niacin helps the body turn food into energy. It aids in digestion and is important for nerve function. You'll find niacin in red meat, poultry, fish, fortified hot and cold cereals, and peanuts. Boys in their teens need 16 mg of niacin daily. girls in their teens need 14 mg a day.
Riboflavin (also called vitamin B2)
Riboflavin is essential for turning carbohydrates into energy and producing red blood cells. It is also important for vision. Some of the best sources of riboflavin are meat, eggs, legumes (like peas and lentils), nuts, dairy products, leafy green vegetables, broccoli, asparagus, and fortified cereals. Boys in their teens need 1.3 mg of riboflavin per day and girls in their teens need 1 mg.
Folate (also known as vitamin B9, folic acid, or folacin)
Folate helps the body make red blood cells, break down proteins, and keep the heart healthy. It is also needed to make DNA. Dried beans and other legumes, leafy green vegetables, asparagus, oranges and other citrus fruits, and poultry are good sources of this vitamin. So are fortified or enriched bread, noodles, and cereals. Boys and girls in their teens need 400 micrograms of folate daily.
Optimal Intake: The current recommended intake of folic acid is 400 micrograms per day. There are many excellent sources of folic acid, including prepared breakfast cereals, beans, and fortified grains.
Vitamin K
Vitamin K helps make six of the 13 proteins needed for blood clotting. Its role in maintaining the clotting cascade is so important that people who take anticoagulants such as Warfarin (Coumadin) must be careful to keep their vitamin K intake stable. Lately, researchers have demonstrated that vitamin K is also involved in building bones. Low levels of circulating vitamin K have been linked with low bone density, and supplementation with vitamin K shows improvements in biochemical measures of bone health. Optimal intake: The recommended daily intake of vitamin K is 80 micrograms for men and 65 for women. Because this vitamin is found in so many foods, especially green leafy vegetables and commonly used cooking oils, most adults get enough of it. However, according to a 1996 survey, a substantial number of Americans, particularly children and young adults, are not getting the vitamin K they need.
Minerals required by the body
Approximately 4% of the body's mass consists of minerals. They are classified as trace minerals ( of which, the body requires less than 100 mg/day), and major minerals ( of which, the body requires more than 100 mg/day). Minerals can be found in water and soil and therefore in root plants and animals.
Trace Minerals
Trace minerals are iron, zinc, copper, selenium, iodine, fluorine and chromium.
Major Minerals
Major minerals are: sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur and chlorine.
Function of minerals
Minerals serve three purposes.
1) They provide structure in forming bones and teeth.
2) They help maintain normal heart rhythm, muscle contractility, neural conductivity, and acid-base balance.
3) They help regulate cellular metabolism by becoming part of enzymes and hormones that modulate cellular activity.
Daily requirements
Minerals cannot be made in the body and must be obtained from our diet. The daily requirements of minerals required by the body can be obtained from a well balanced diet. Like vitamins, excess minerals can produce toxic effects.