代词it, one, ones, that, those的使用
为了使表达简单明了不重复,我们经常用 it, one, ones, that, those 等替代词来代替前面已经出现的名词。
一、A.替代前面表示泛指的单数名词通常one.
如:I lost my bike yesterday. I have to buy a new one. 我的自行车丢失了,不得不买一辆新的。
注:若 one 前没有形容词的修饰,则其前不能有不定冠词,但可以用another。比较:
I lost my bike yesterday. And I would like to buy one like that.我的自行车丢了,我想买一辆跟它一样的。(不能说:... a one like that)
This pen doesn’t work. I must buy another one. 这支钢笔坏了,我要另买一支了。
另外,它与表特指的 it 有区别。one替代前面名词的同类物品;而 it替代前面该名词(同一事物)。如:
Can I borrow your dictionary?—Sorry. I haven’t got one. 我能借你的字典吗?——对不起,我没有字典。
Can I borrow your dictionary?—Sorry, I’m using it. 我能借用你的字典吗?——对不起,我自己正在用。
B.替代表泛指的复数名词,通常用 ones。如:
I like red apples more than green ones. 比起青苹果,我更喜欢红苹果。
二、替代前面表特指的同一事物的单数名词或不可数名词,用it, 替代人时,用the one.
如:My father bought me a new CD player. I like it very much. 爸爸给我买了一个CD机。我非常喜欢它。(it 指的就是前面爸爸给我买的CD 机)
The weather here is too cold. I don’t like it. 这儿的天气太冷了,我不喜欢这儿的天气。(it 在此指前面提到的 the weather)
Which is your brother? --The one riding a bike. 哪个是你的弟弟?--骑着自行车的那个。
三、that替代前面名词的同类事物,复数用those,有时候可用it 或the ones互换.
如:The weather in Hainan is much warmer than that in Shanghai. 海南的天气比上海的暖和多了。(that指的是前面的同类--天气)
His ideas are a little different from those of his friends. 他的想法和他朋友的想法有点不一样。
Students who do well in examinations are those [the ones] who ask questions in class. 考试成绩好的都是上课爱提问的学生。
四、一些补充
1. 当替代词 one / ones 紧跟在形容词最高级、序数词以及 this, that, these, those, which, either, neither, another 等限定词之后时,通常可以省略。如:
I think my article is the best (one). 我想我的文章是最好的(一篇)。
2. 复数形式的 ones 之前一般不直接用名词所有格、物主代词、数词以及 some, any, both, several, dozen, own 等词修饰。如:
Do you have any new books?—Sorry, we don’t have any at the moment. 你有没有新书?——对不起,我们目前没有。(不能说:... any ones ...)
注:如果 ones 前有描绘性形容词修饰,则可以使用上述词语。如:
误:her ones / some ones / any ones / five ones / your own ones
正:her red ones / some new ones / any old ones / five bad ones / your own nice ones
3. 当一个名词受另一个名词修饰时,通常不宜用 one(s)来替代。如:
Do you need coffee cups or tea cups? 你们需要咖啡杯还是要茶杯? (不能说:... or tea ones? )